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Sequoiadendron giganteum
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Sierra Redwood
( Sequoiadendron giganteum )
Sequoiadendron giganteum
More Photos at CalPhotos
More Info at Jepson eFlora
Calflora
Click on blue squares to see occurrence records.
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27 Nurseries Carry This Plant
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About Sierra Redwood (Sequoiadendron giganteum)
27 Nurseries Carry This Plant
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Giant sequoias are the world's largest single trees by volume. Record trees have been measured to be 94.8 m (311 ft) in height and over 17 m (56 ft) in diameter. The oldest known giant sequoia based on ring count is 3,500 years old. Sequoia bark is fibrous, furrowed, and may be 90 cm (3.0 ft) thick at the base of the columnar trunk. It provides significant fire protection for the trees. The leaves are evergreen, awl-shaped,.12-24 inches long, and arranged spirally on the shoots. The seed cones are 1.5-3 inches long and mature in 18-20 months, though they typically remain green and closed for up to 20 years; each cone has 30-50 spirally arranged scales, with several seeds on each scale, giving an average of 230 seeds per cone. The seed is dark brown, (0.16-.20 in long and 0.039 in broad, with a 0.039 in wide, yellow-brown wing along each side. Some seeds are shed when the cone scales shrink during hot weather in late summer, but most are liberated when the cone dries from fire heat or is damaged by insects.
The giant sequoia regenerates by seed. Young trees start to bear cones at the age of 12 years. Trees up to about 20 years old may produce stump sprouts subsequent to injury, but unlike coast redwood, shoots do not form on the stumps of mature trees. Giant sequoias of all ages may sprout from their boles when branches are lost to fire or breakage.
At any given time, a large tree may be expected to have about 11,000 cones. Cone production is greatest in the upper portion of the canopy. A mature giant sequoia has been estimated to disperse 300,000-400,000 seeds per year. The winged seeds may be carried up to 590 ft from the parent tree.
Lower branches die fairly readily from shading, but trees less than 100 years old retain most of their dead branches. Trunks of mature trees in groves are generally free of branches to a height of 66-164 ft, but solitary trees will retain low branches. It tends to grow at elevations from 4600-8400 feet.
Plant Description
Plant Type
Tree
Size
35 - 311 ft tall
50 - 60 ft wide
Form
Pyramidal, Upright Columnar
Growth Rate
Slow
Dormancy
Evergreen
Fragrance
Fragrant - Unpleasant
Flower Color
Green, Cream
Flowering Season
Spring
Landscaping Information
Sun
Full Sun
Moisture
Low
Summer Irrigation
Max 2x / month once established
Nurseries
Carried by 27
Ease of Care
Very Easy
Soil Drainage
Slow, Medium
Soil Description
Prefers deep, rich soil. Soil PH: 5.0 - 7.0
Common uses
Deer Resistant
Companion Plants
Trees -
White Fir
(
Abies concolor
),
Ponderosa Pine
(
Pinus ponderosa
),
White Alder
(
Alnus rhombifolia
),
Douglas-fir
(
Pseudotsuga menziesii
),
Bigleaf Maple
(
Acer macrophyllum
).
Shrubs -
Pacific Dogwood
(
Cornus nuttallii
), Beaked Hazel (
Corylus cornuta
var. californica),
Bitter Cherry
(
Prunus emarginata
), Bush Chinquapin (Castanopsis sempervirens),
Mountain Misery
(
Chamaebatia foliolosa
),
Mountain Whitethorn
(
Ceanothus cordulatus
),
Littleleaf Ceanothus
(
Ceanothus parvifolius
),
Deerbrush
(
Ceanothus integerrimus
),
Snowbrush
(
Ceanothus
velutinus),
Greenleaf Manzanita
(
Arctostaphylos patula
), and
Western Azalea
(
Rhododendron
occidentale).
Maintenance
If stressed or grown under unfavorable conditions it is susceptible to Botryosphaeria ribis, a fungus of trees that causes branch dieback and can be fatal
Propagation
?
For propagating by seed: No treatment; 1 mo. stratification may improve germination. Store seeds in polyethylene bag in freezer until ready to use. Usually a low percentage viable seeds.
Sunset Zones
?
1, 2, 3, 4*, 5*, 6*, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17*, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23
Natural Setting
Site Type
Found in large groves on moist, west facing slopes and mountain valleys along with firs and pines
Climate
Annual Precipitation: 13.1" - 80.9", Summer Precipitation: 0.25" - 2.39", Coldest Month: 24.0" - 52.0", Hottest Month: 45.3" - 79.3", Humidity: 0.92" - 25.50", Elevation: 957" - 10807"
Alternative Names
Common Names
: Big Tree, Bigtree, Giant Sequoia
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Sierra Redwood
Sequoiadendron giganteum
Sources include:
Wikipedia
. All text shown in the "About" section of these pages is available under the
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
. Plant observation data provided by the participants of the
California Consortia of Herbaria
, Sunset information provided by
Jepson Flora Project
. Propogation from seed information provided by the
Santa Barbara Botanical Garden
from "Seed Propagation of Native California Plants" by Dara E. Emery. Sources of plant photos include
CalPhotos
,
Wikimedia Commons
, and independent plant photographers who have agreed to share their images with Calscape. Other general sources of information include
Calflora
,
CNPS Manual of Vegetation Online
,
Jepson Flora Project
,
Las Pilitas
,
Theodore Payne
,
Tree of Life
,
The Xerces Society
, and information provided by CNPS volunteer editors, with special thanks to Don Rideout. Climate data used in creation of plant range maps is from
PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University
, using 30 year (1981-2010) annual "normals" at an 800 meter spatial resolution.
Links:
Jepson eFlora Taxon Page
CalPhotos
Wikipedia
Calflora
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